1.Teori Arrhenius (by Svante Arrhenius)
Acid: ionization in water releasing H + ions
example: HCl, H2SO4, H2CO3, H3PO4, HCN, HNO3
HCl + H2O à H + + Cl + H2O
Bases: ionization in water releasing OH- ions
eg NaOH, KOH, Ba (OH) 2, Ca (OH) 2
NaOH + H2O à Na + + OH- + H2O
Acid-base reaction: Reaction counteraction
· Incorporation of H + and OH- ions to form water
· Cations are bound to the anion OH- and H + bonded to form the ionic compound (salt)
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O à
Acid Base Salt Water
2.Teori Bronsted Lowry (by Bronsted and Lowry)
Basic theory: exchange proton (H +)
· Acid: as a donor (grantor) proton
· Bases: as the acceptor (receiver) proton
Amfiprotik / amphoteric: can be acid or alkaline
Example: H2O, NH3, HCH3COO, H2PO4-
À HCl + H2O H3O + + Cl-
acid-base
À H2O + NH3 NH4 + + OH-
acid-base
Acid-base reaction:
· Proton transfer reaction from acid to alkaline
· Establish acid and conjugate base
ü Strong acid: a weak conjugate base
ü Strong bases: weak conjugate acid
À HCl + H2O H3O + + Cl-
Asam1 basa1 asam2 basa2
-Asam Conjugate has a H atom more than the conjugate base
-Basa Conjugate has a negative charge more than the conjugate acid
H2PO4- à HPO42-
conjugate acid conjugate base
note:
All acids and bases Arrhenius is Bronsted Lowry acid-base
3.Teori Lewis (Lewis)
Basic theory: the use of a lone pair
Acid: accept a lone pair
Ex: H +, metal cation (Fe 3+, Al 3+)
Compounds gol.III usually involve an element of strong Lewis acids (forming a covalent bond coordination)
Bases: providing a lone pair
Ex: OH, atoms and ions of Group V - VII (F, Cl)
Acid-base reaction:
· The use of shared pair of electrons (ex: covalent bond coordination)
Ex: BF3 reaction (acid) and NH3 (alkaline)
Reaction formation of complex compounds
note:
All acids and bases Arrhenius acid is a Lewis base
Acid:
H + ions causes:
· Change the color of litmus blue to red
· Giving a sour taste
· Reacts with metals and bases
Examples of acid in everyday life:
ü The citric acid (in citrus and grapes)
ü acetic acid (vinegar)
ü Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
ü sulfuric acid (battery acid)
bases:
· Giving a bitter taste
Examples of bases in everyday life:
ü Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
ü ammonia (fertilizer)
ü Sodium hydroxide (the cleaning ovens)
Combined acids and bases: to give a salty taste
source(sumber):http://ringkasanmapelsekolah.blogspot.co.id/2012/04/teori-asam-basa.html
